Собеседования на QA в США: полное руководство для русскоязычных специалистов

🔧 Вопросы по основам тестирования

❓ "What's the difference between verification and validation?"

✅ Правильный ответ: "Verification is checking if we're building the product right according to specifications, while validation is checking if we're building the right product that meets user needs. For example, verification would be checking if a login form has all required fields, while validation would be testing if users can actually log in successfully."

❓ "Explain the testing pyramid concept"

✅ Правильный ответ: "The testing pyramid has three levels: Unit tests at the bottom (most tests, fast execution), Integration tests in the middle (fewer tests, moderate speed), and UI tests at the top (fewest tests, slowest execution). This structure ensures we have good test coverage while maintaining fast feedback loops."

🤖 Вопросы по автоматизации тестирования

❓ "How would you test a REST API?"

✅ Правильный ответ: "I would test the API at multiple levels: 1) Functional testing - verify all endpoints work correctly, 2) Data validation - test with valid/invalid inputs, 3) Error handling - test with malformed requests, 4) Performance - load testing, 5) Security - authentication, authorization, input validation. I'd use tools like Postman for manual testing and create automated tests using frameworks like RestAssured or similar."

❓ "What's the difference between Selenium and Playwright?"

✅ Правильный ответ: "Selenium is the traditional web automation tool that works with browser drivers, while Playwright is a modern tool that directly controls browsers. Playwright offers better performance, built-in waiting mechanisms, multi-browser support, and better debugging capabilities. However, Selenium has a larger community and more third-party integrations."

💻 Практические задания по кодированию

❓ "Write a function to test if a string is a valid email"

✅ Пример решения на JavaScript:

❓ "How would you test a shopping cart functionality?"

✅ Подход к решению:

• Identify test scenarios: add item, remove item, update quantity, calculate total
• Test boundary conditions: empty cart, maximum items, invalid quantities
• Test edge cases: concurrent users, session expiration, payment integration
• Create test data: valid products, invalid products, edge case values

🐛 Вопросы по отладке и анализу багов

❓ "How do you prioritize bugs?"

✅ Правильный ответ: "I prioritize bugs based on severity and impact: 1) Critical - system crashes, data loss, security issues, 2) High - major functionality broken, affects many users, 3) Medium - minor functionality issues, workarounds available, 4) Low - cosmetic issues, minor inconveniences. I also consider business impact, user impact, and technical complexity when prioritizing."

❓ "Describe a challenging bug you found and how you debugged it"

✅ Пример ответа: "I once found a memory leak in our mobile app that only occurred after 2+ hours of continuous usage. I used profiling tools to identify the issue, created a detailed reproduction scenario, and worked with the development team to implement a fix. The bug was in the image caching mechanism that wasn't properly releasing memory."